Usage of Lysosomal Nanoparticles in Delivering Antibody Cocktail to Developing Fetuses in HIV Mothers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The placenta is a crucial organ which allows for transfer of nutrients between the mother and fetus. Importantly, the placenta allows for transport of antibodies to the fetal bloodstream through the FcRn receptors inducing passive immunity. However, in HIV-positive mothers who cannot produce antibodies, passive immunity against toxoplasmosis, other, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes (T.O.R.C.H) infections in utero is not plausible. A potential solution utilizing new nanoparticle technology was researched in hopes of delivering IgG antibodies to the developing fetus. Methods: We propose using a liposomal nanoparticle filled with the IgG antibody cocktail to deliver the antibodies necessary for the fetal development. We will use pl-chondroitin sulfate A binding protein (plCSA-BP) to guide our nanoparticle towards the FcRn receptors on the trophoblast membranes of the placenta. Once attached the nanoparticle will degrade after its half-life and release antibodies. We will measure the transfer of antibodies through the ex vivo placental lobule system in combination with western blot. Please note that one side of the placental lobule system would represent the fetal side and one would represent the maternal side. Results: It's expected that the nanoparticles will attach to trophoblastic layers through the plCSA-BP. The natural FcRn receptors will transfer the antibodies across the placenta to the fetal bloodstream inducing passive immunity in an ex-vivo model. Discussion: These results may have a noticeable impact on pregnant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive mothers due their ability to enter the fetal system, which will offer passive immunity against T.O.R.C.H viral infections and prevent developmental issues. The absence of antibodies for the fetus can, in some cases, lead to fatality. Conclusion: We expect the study to show the utility of our nanoparticle design in combating fetal infections, especially in HIV women. This research should be furthered via research into the impacts of medication administration at different trimesters as this has immense potential in advancing a field often on the outskirts of medicine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".