Investigation of Seasonal Variations of Tower Footing Impedance in Transmission Line Grounding Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the transmission line grounding system design, spatial and temporal/seasonal variations of tower footing impedance should be considered. However, in real life, only spatial variations are taken into account at the design stage, seasonal variations have not been included. In this article, seasonal variations of tower footing impedance of several types of transmission line grounding systems at Manitoba Hydro, Canada, are investigated through field measurements for a whole year. The industrial practice uses simulated tower footing impedances by the software current distribution, electromagnetic interference, grounding and soil structure analysis (CDEGS) in the design of transmission line grounding systems, however, the accuracy of simulated tower footing impedances as a critical design parameter has never been evaluated. In this article, this industrial practice is evaluated by comparing simulated and measured tower footing impedances for various transmission line grounding systems. The importance to use proper tower footing impedance for lightning conditions is also demonstrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".