Two-Stage On-Board Charger Using Bridgeless PFC and Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter with Synchronous Rectification for 48V e-Mobility
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a new bridgeless buck-boost and half-bridge LLC resonant onboard battery charger for low voltage electric vehicles. A new bridgeless buck-boost derived front end topology is operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) befitting reduced conduction losses, attains natural power factor correction (PFC) at variable AC input, and robust to high-frequency (HF) noise. The second stage comprises a half-bridge series LLC resonant converter to provide galvanic isolation. The LLC converter is operated in the inductive region in order to achieve ZVS turn-on of primary switches and minimize switching losses resulting in maximum efficiency. Detailed design and analysis procedure is described for a 1 kW converter with a wide input range of 80 to 130 V, from a single-phase AC grid. To verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme, the proposed battery charger topology is simulated in PSIM11 software. The first stage illustrates the input current THD of 3.10% and a power factor of 0.9994. Whereas the second stage consisting of series LLC converter demonstrates ZVS turn-on of secondary switches, low switching losses, conduction losses to achieve good overall efficiency. Also, synchronous rectification is employed to enhance the efficiency further.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".