Schistosomiasis is associated with rectal mucosal inflammation among Kenyan men who have sex with men
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Schistosoma mansoni infection is hyperendemic in Lake Victoria communities and associated with cervicovaginal immune alterations and HIV acquisition. We assessed the hypothesis that schistosomiasis correlates with greater rectal inflammation in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Kisumu, Kenya. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 38 HIV-negative MSM aged 18–35 years, schistosomiasis was diagnosed by urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA). Microbiome was assessed in rectal swabs by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and rectal inflammation by quartile normalized summative score of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α). Elastic net (EN) regression identified taxa associated with inflammation. Multivariable linear regression estimated the association between inflammation score and schistosomiasis and bacteria identified in EN. Results: Most men were CCA positive (24/38; 63%), and median rectal inflammation score was significantly higher in these participants (11 vs. 8, p = 0.04). In multivariable regression, CCA-positive men had 2.85-point greater inflammation score ( p = 0.009). The relative abundance of Succinivibrio (coefficient = −1.13, p = 0.002) and Pseudomonas (coefficient = −1.04, p = 0.001) were negatively associated with inflammation. Discussion: CCA positivity was associated with rectal mucosal inflammation, controlling for rectal microbiome composition. Given its high prevalence and contribution to inflammation, schistosomiasis may have important implications for HIV transmission in this vulnerable population.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".