Microstructure, phase and dielectric strength of thermally sprayed alumina layers in coating‐based heating systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In coating‐based resistive heating systems applied on an electrically conductive substrate, an intermediary dielectric layer is required to minimize or eliminate leakage of current from the heating surface to the substrate. Aluminum oxide has widely been used for electrical insulation purposes. In this study, alumina was deposited onto carbon steel substrates by using suspension plasma spraying and flame spraying processes. Then, Ni‐20Cr, as the heating element, was deposited on the alumina layer by using air plasma spraying. The resultant microstructure and phase composition of the alumina layers were evaluated by using scanning electron microscope images, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The breakdown voltage of alumina layers was measured independently and within the heating system. It was found that the dielectric properties of alumina layers were significantly affected by its microstructural features. It was observed that penetration of metal topcoat into the alumina layer decreased the overall breakdown voltage of the system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".