Radiomics of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas: Toward a Pretherapeutic Differentiation of<i>BRAF-</i>Mutated and<i>BRAF</i>-Fused Tumors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> <i>B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase</i> (<i>BRAF</i>) status has important implications for prognosis and therapy of pediatric low-grade gliomas. Currently, <i>BRAF</i> status classification relies on biopsy. Our aim was to train and validate a radiomics approach to predict <i>BRAF</i> fusion and <i>BRAF</i> V600E mutation. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> In this bi-institutional retrospective study, FLAIR MR imaging datasets of 115 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas from 2 children’s hospitals acquired between January 2009 and January 2016 were included and analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from tumor segmentations, and the predictive model was tested using independent training and testing datasets, with all available tumor types. The model was selected on the basis of a grid search on the number of trees, opting for the best split for a random forest. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to evaluate model performance. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> The training cohort consisted of 94 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (mean age, 9.4 years; 45 boys), and the external validation cohort comprised 21 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (mean age, 8.37 years; 12 boys). A 4-fold cross-validation scheme predicted <i>BRAF</i> status with an area under the curve of 0.75 (SD, 0.12) (95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.89) on the internal validation cohort. By means of the optimal hyperparameters determined by 4-fold cross-validation, the area under the curve for the external validation was 0.85. Age and tumor location were significant predictors of <i>BRAF</i> status (<i>P</i> values = .04 and <.001, respectively). Sex was not a significant predictor (<i>P</i> value = .96). <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> Radiomics-based prediction of <i>BRAF</i> status in pediatric low-grade gliomas appears feasible in this bi-institutional exploratory study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".