CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle Transformation to Nanorods and Nanoflowers in Acids with Boosted Oxidative Catalytic Activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nanoceria (CeO 2 nanoparticle) with oxidase-like catalytic activity has been used for a diverse range of analytical, environmental, and nanomedicine applications. In this work, the use of nanoceria for the oxidation of common chromogenic substrates was investigated at low pH, where its activity was greatly enhanced. In addition, the shape of the nanoparticles changed dramatically, yielding nanorods in the presence of adsorbed substrates at pH 1. This work provides an interesting method to synthesize CeO 2 nanorods at room temperature. By slightly increasing the reaction temperature, CeO 2 nanoflowers were further obtained. This change of shape also affected its catalytic activity, with the nanorods being the most active. The physical and chemical properties of the nanoceria materials were characterized by various spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical techniques. The increased activity at low pH was due to the promoted release of the oxidation product, as well as increased oxygen vacancy concentration and enhanced electron transfer. This work has deepened our understanding of nanoceria as a catalyst, enhanced its catalytic activity, and provided a useful way of controlling its morphology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".