Dementia-Friendly Neighborhood and the Built Environment: A Scoping Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There has been a proliferation of research on dementia-friendly communities in recent years, particularly on interpersonal and social aspects. Nonetheless, the neighborhood built environment remains a co-constituent of the lived experience of people living with dementia (PLWD) that is amenable to interventions for health and well-being in the community. This scoping review presents a narrative synthesis of empirical research on dementia-friendly neighborhoods, with a focus on the built environment and its associated sociobehavioral aspects. Planning and design principles are distilled to identify research and policy implications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We reviewed 29 articles identified through a systematic search of AgeLine, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Global Health, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, and Scopus. Peer-reviewed articles that employed quantitative and/or qualitative methods in community settings were included. RESULTS: An equal number of studies focused on behavioral/psychosocial aspects of the built environment and assessment of specific environmental features. The former often used qualitative methods, whereas statistical methods were common in studies on discrete features of the neighborhood built environment. Few studies focused on rural contexts. Emerging research areas include interactions between dementia risk factors and neighborhood environments to support primary and secondary prevention. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The body of literature needs expansion into planning and design fields to foster community participation of PLWD by optimizing environmental stimuli, minimizing environmental barriers, and engaging PLWD in dementia-friendly community initiatives. While evidence has accumulated on landmarks and social participation at the individual level, research at the community and policy levels is limited. This requires advanced mixed methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.013 | 0.014 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".