In Vitro Induction of Hexaploid Forms and Generation of Hexaploid Forms from Induced Mixoploids in Triploid Grape Cultivars (Vitis vinifera complex)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several triploid cultivars have been bred in Japan and other countries. We also have bred three promising triploid cultivars and hybrids. Because of the triploidy, however, these grapes hardly produced next generations by crossings. The aim of this study was to induce chromosome doubling in vitro in newly bred triploid hybrids ‘BK seedless’ and ‘BRI seedless’ grapes, restore their fertility and make it possible for further breeding with them. Ploidy level of the obtained hexaploid plantlets was confirmed by flow cytometry. A hexaploid plant was produced in vitro when triploid ‘BRI seedless’ shoots were treated with 625 μM colchicine solution for 72 hours, indicating that hexaploid forms of triploid grapes could be produced by using this method. Further, hexaploid plants were also derived from colchicine–induced mixoploid shoots (triploid– hexaploid–chimeras) following three times of successive subcultures of the shoot apices transplanting 16 weeks intervals in vitro. The hexaploid grapes obtained in vitro showed behind in growth and were difficult to acclimatize.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".