Mathematical modelling of hydrothermal performance for Kenics type static mixer using power law obeying fluids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, analytical, numerical, and experimental works are presented to demonstrate hydrothermal characteristics of a flow choosing non‐Newtonian behaviour through a Kenics type static mixer. Experiments are conducted by varying the superficial fluid velocities of the heterogeneous mixture oil with Sudan dye and water, as well as for the homogeneous aqueous system, consisting of CMC (2 wt%) in water. Six static mixing elements are placed in series, and the corresponding wall temperatures of the inline pipe are varied over a range of 293–363 K. In the context of hydrodynamic study, analytical models are solved using the Bessel function and Laguerre function and validated with the in‐house experimental results and numerical results. In the thermal performance study, mathematical models are formulated based on differential transformation method (DTM) and homotopy perturbation method (HPM), and have been validated with the numerical results. The deviation among the experimentally measured average pressure drops estimated from our experiment and that predicted by analytical models is found to be as low as ±8.1%. The deviation between the analytical results obtained from the HPM and DTM method and numerical results based on the finite volume method solution of the same equation is observed as low as ±4%. Additionally, both proposed analytical methods used are compared with each other to evaluate the dimensionless swirl flow velocity and temperature gradient of the inline Kenics Static mixer. In the thermal performance study, we observe that the DTM is in good agreement with the numerical method as compared to HPM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".