Persistent implicit motor learning alterations following a mild traumatic brain injury sustained during late adulthood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The neurocognitive outcomes of sustaining a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) during late adulthood are vastly understudied. In young, asymptomatic adults, mTBI-related synaptic plasticity alterations have been associated with persistent implicit motor sequence learning impairments outlasting the usual cognitive recovery period. The current study examined whether uncomplicated mTBI sustained during late adulthood could exert persistent deleterious consequences on implicit motor sequence learning.Method: Thirty participants (aged 50–70 years) who experienced an uncomplicated mTBI within 3 to 24 months of testing, and 40 age-, sex- and education-equivalent healthy controls performed an implicit serial reaction time task (SRT task). The SRT task consisted of 10 blocks of a repeating sequence embedded among 4 random blocks. Participants also completed a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests of attention, memory and executive functioning.Results: While both mTBI participants and controls showed significant implicit motor sequence learning effects, the mTBI group achieved a lower level of competence at performing the SRT task as evidenced by smaller gains in reaction times across the 10 training blocks of the repeating sequence. The time elapsed since the injury was unrelated to implicit motor learning effects. There was no evidence of a persistent effect of mTBI on any neuropsychological domain compared to controls.Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that a single mTBI sustained during older age may have persistent repercussions on training-dependent motor sequence learning capacity outlasting the recovery of mTBI symptoms and gold-standard neuropsychological tests performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".