The relationship between psychological violence by coaches and conformity of young athletes to the sport ethic norms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between psychological violence by coaches and conformity of athletes to the sport ethic. The objectives of this study are to verify whether the athletes’ conformity with sport ethic norms is related to psychological violence by the coach and whether this relationship varies in function of sex and type of sport practiced by the athlete. Athletes (n = 1089) from Canada aged 14–17 years in various sports completed an online questionnaire. Athletes responded to validated scales assessing psychological violence by coaches and conformity to the sport ethic norms. To study the relationship between these two factors, correlations were performed and a multiple linear regression model was used. This study demonstrated associations between the norms ‘self-sacrifice’ and ‘refusal to accept their limits’ and psychological violence by the coach. These relationships were moderated by sex and type of sport. Among girls participating in individual sports, the more they conformed to ‘self-sacrifice’, the more they experienced psychological violence by the coach. Conversely, among boys participating in team sports, the more they also conformed to this norm, the less they experienced this form of violence. Moreover, regardless of sex, the more athletes participating in individual sports conformed to the ‘refusal to accept their limits’ norm, the less they appeared to experience psychological violence by their coach.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".