Early trial results of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) initially emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 The virus causes the disease that is termed COVID-19 and has led to a global pandemic As of October 16, 2020, it has led to more than 39 million cases worldwide and has killed more than 1 million people Since the posting of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, vaccine development has begun around the world, with Canada placing orders for millions of vaccine doses through advanced purchasing agreements (APA) with major developers As of July 2020, early human clinical trial results of three vaccine candidates, namely ChAdOx1, Ad5-nCoV, and mRNA-1273, have been published, two of which are included in Canada’s APAs Objective: The aim of this review is to examine and summarize early clinical trial results of the three aforementioned COVID-19 vaccine candidates as of July 20th, 2020 The primary focus of this review will be the methods, procedures, results, and discussions of each published study Methods: All vaccine candidates undergoing human trials were searched and identified using PubMed through a combination of search terms Only the most recent human trial report published in peer-reviewed journals between May 15th and July 20th, 2020, was selected for each vaccine candidate Results and Conclusion: The review concludes that all three vaccine candidates have demonstrated a strong safety profile, as well as a robust immune response in the participants of their respective trials All three vaccine candidates have shown strong immunogenicity, in terms of receptor-binding domain-specific antibody response and neutralizing antibody response No serious adverse effects were observed in the three trials and all local or systemic reactions were self-limiting Both ChAdOx1 and Ad5-nCoV will be moving on to phase 3 clinical trials, with mRNA-1273 moving on to phase 2 trials, before the end of 2020 © 2021, University of Toronto All rights reserved
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".