Diagnostic Yield of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Immunocompromised Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Results from early studies in the diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in immunocompromised adults and children were variable. This prospective study aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of BALs in immunocompromised children over the first 18 months of service at a newly established children's hospital. Relationship between BAL results and changes in antimicrobial management was also studied. Twenty-one bronchoscopic BALs were performed on 18 children; 14 BALs (66.7%) yielded at least 1 pathogen and 7 (33.3%) yielded no pathogen. Two pathogens were found in 2 samples, and 1 pathogen was identified in 12 samples. Bacteria (n = 7 patients), viruses (n = 8 patients) and fungus (Pneumocycstis jirovecii in one patient) were yielded. Of the 21 BALs, 8 (38.1%) were associated with changes in antimicrobial management (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.018). No significant side effects such as pneumothorax or pulmonary hemorrhages were observed in this series. In conclusion, BAL in immunocompromised children is rewarding and has potential to impact on antimicrobial management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".