Конституционно-политический кризис в Кана¬де: опыт урегулирования
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Данная статья посвящена анализу опыта решения конституционно-политического кризиса в Канаде. Авторы анализируют действия федеральной и провинциальной власти, Верховного суда, общественности по выходу из него и приходят к выводу о том, что все субъекты политического процесса, и в первую очередь федеральное правительство, проявили чрезвычайную осторожность и терпение, действуя в рамках конституционного права, содействуя тем самым дальнейшему укреплению в стране культуры политической толерантности. Рассуждения авторов имеют методико-прикладное значение для проведения реформ не только в области конституционного права, но и во всех сферах жизни российского общества и государства. Ключевые слова: федерально-провинциальные отношения, Квебек, суверенитет, конституционный кризис, конституционные реформы, «особое сообщество», «нация в составе единой Канады», мультикультурализм, концепция «открытого федерализма», патриация конституции, суверенитет – ассоциация, ассиметричная федерация, Квебекский референдум, политическая культура, «Акт о ясности», эволюция канадской федерации, перераспределение полномочий, конституционное соглашение, самоидентификация, толерантность. Vladimir A. Khabibulin , Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: vak2411@mail.ru Olga V. Khabibulina , Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: hov.law@mail.ru CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL CRISIS IN CАNADA: THE EXPERIENCE OF REGULATION Abstract. The article is devoted to analyzing different attempts of addressing the constitutional crisis in Canada. The authors analyze the actions of federal and provincial authorities, Supreme Court, the public for overcoming constitutional crisis. According to the authors, all subjects of political process, primarily the federal government, display great caution and patience, while acting in accordance with the constitutional law. These political actions have resulted in improvement of political toleration. The Canadian experience also has a methodological and practical value for reforming the constitutional law and different areas of life in the Russian society and State. Keywords: federal-provinces relations, Quebec, constitutional crisis, sovereignty, constitutional reforms, «distinct society», «nation within a united Canada», multiculturalism, consolidation, conception of “open federalism”, repatriation of constitution, sovereignty – association, unsymmetrical federation, Quebec referendum, political culture, “Clarity Act, ‘evolution of Canadian federation, redistribution of authority, constitutional convention, self-identification, toleration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".