Internal curing of blended cement pastes with ultra‐low water‐to‐cement ratio: Absorption/desorption kinetics of superabsorbent polymer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Internal curing by superabsorbent polymer (SAP) is an effective method to mitigate the autogenous shrinkage of cement‐based materials with low water‐to‐cement ratio (w/c). In this study, the water absorption/desorption kinetics of SAP were studied quantitatively in blended cement pastes with ultra‐low w/c. An absorption process at a rate of 0 to 6 g/(g h) was calculated at early ages. After that, SAPs showed mainly two distinct water desorption behaviors with a rate of 0 to 1.1 g/(g h), which was mainly governed by the osmotic pressure and capillary pressure triggered by the drop of internal relative humidity (IRH). The size and amount of SAP played a predominant role in controlling its absorption and desorption kinetics in the cement paste. Compared with ordinary Portland cement, a different desorption process with a higher release rate was noticed in binary and ternary cement pastes, primarily due to the changes in osmotic pressure resulting from the acceleration of cement hydration by silica fume at early ages. Overall, the mitigation of autogenous shrinkage is found to be highly dependent on SAP's absorption and desorption kinetics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".