Discovery of an ultra-quantum spin liquid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Quantum fluctuations are expected to lead to highly entangled spin-liquid states in some two-dimensional spin-1/2 compounds. We have synthesized and measured thermodynamic properties and muon relaxation rates in two related such compounds, one of which is the least disordered of this kind synthesized hitherto and reveals intrinsic properties of a class of spin-liquids. Its measured properties can all be simply characterized by scale invariant time-dependent fluctuations with a single parameter. The specific heat divided by temperature and muon relaxation rates are both temperature independent at low temperatures, followed by a logarithmic decrease with increasing temperature. Even more remarkably, ∼57% of the magnetic entropy is missing down to temperatures of O(10−3) the exchange energy, independent of magnetic field up to gµBH > kBT . This is evidence that quantum fluctuations lead either to a gigantic specific heat peak from topological singlet excitations below such temperatures, or to an extensively degenerate topological singlet ground state. These results reveal an ultra-quantum state of matter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".