Executive function mediates the prospective association between neurostructural differences within the central executive network and anti‐social behavior after childhood traumatic brain injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite increasing evidence of a link between early life brain injury and anti-social behavior, very few studies have assessed factors that explain this association in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). One hypothesis suggests that childhood TBI elevates risk for anti-social behavior via disruption to anatomically distributed neural networks implicated in executive functioning (EF). In this longitudinal prospective study, we employed high-resolution structural neuroimaging to (a) evaluate the impact of childhood TBI on regional morphometry of the central executive network (CEN) and (b) evaluate the prediction that lower EF mediates the prospective relationship between structural differences within the CEN and postinjury anti-social behaviors. METHODS: This study involved 155 children, including 112 consecutively recruited, hospital-confirmed cases of mild-severe TBI and 43 typically developing control (TDC) children. T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were acquired sub-acutely in a subset of 137 children [TBI: n = 103; TDC: n = 34]. All participants were evaluated using direct assessment of EF 6 months postinjury, and parents provided ratings of anti-social behavior 12 months postinjury. RESULTS: Severe TBI was associated with postinjury volumetric differences within the CEN and its putative hub regions. When compared with TD controls, the TBI group had significantly worse EF, which was associated with more frequent anti-social behaviors and abnormal CEN morphometry. Mediation analysis indicated that reduced EF mediated the prospective association between postinjury volumetric differences within the CEN and more frequent anti-social behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Our longitudinal prospective findings suggest that detection of neurostructural abnormalities within the CEN may aid in the early identification of children at elevated risk for postinjury executive dysfunction, which may in turn contribute to chronic anti-social behaviors after early life brain injury. Findings underscore the potential value of early surveillance and preventive measures for children presenting with neurostructural and/or neurocognitive risk factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".