[Retracted] Identification of Tumor Tissue of Origin with RNA‐Seq Data and Using Gradient Boosting Strategy
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Post-publication record
- Nature
- Retraction
- Reason
- Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;
- Date
- 11/29/2023 0:00
- Flagged by OpenAlex?
- Yes
Source: Retraction Watch, joined by DOI. OpenAlex records retraction as is_retracted, a boolean over a state space with at least four values, so it cannot express an expression of concern, a correction or a reinstatement — it reports them as false, which reads as “fine”.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a type of malignant tumor, which is histologically diagnosed as a metastatic carcinoma while the tissue-of-origin cannot be identified. CUP accounts for roughly 5% of all cancers. Traditional treatment for CUP is primarily broad-spectrum chemotherapy; however, the prognosis is relatively poor. Thus, it is of clinical importance to accurately infer the tissue-of-origin of CUP. METHODS: We developed a gradient boosting framework to trace tissue-of-origin of 20 types of solid tumors. Specifically, we downloaded the expression profiles of 20,501 genes for 7713 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), which were used as the training data set. The RNA-seq data of 79 tumor samples from 6 cancer types with known origins were also downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for an independent data set. RESULTS: 400 genes were selected to train a gradient boosting model for identification of the primary site of the tumor. The overall 10-fold cross-validation accuracy of our method was 96.1% across 20 types of cancer, while the accuracy for the independent data set reached 83.5%. CONCLUSION: Our gradient boosting framework was proven to be accurate in identifying tumor tissue-of-origin on both training data and independent testing data, which might be of practical usage.
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The record
- Venue
- BioMed Research International
- Topic
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Field
- Medicine
- Canadian institutions
- University of Saskatchewan
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of Hainan ProvinceNational Natural Science Foundation of China
- Keywords
- RNA-SeqBoosting (machine learning)Gradient boostingComputational biologyIdentification (biology)BiologyArtificial intelligenceComputer scienceBioinformaticsGeneticsTranscriptomeGeneGene expression
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes