Two Types of Mid-High-Latitude Low-Frequency Intraseasonal Oscillations near the Ural Mountains during Boreal Summer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Two types of mid-high-latitude low-frequency intraseasonal oscillations (LF-ISOs), featuring eastward and westward propagation, have been identified over the Eurasian continent in the past 37 summers (1982–2018). The eastward and westward propagating modes commonly have a dominant periodicity of 30–50 days near the Ural Mountains (UM) but have different origins and evolutions. The eastward propagating LF-ISO initiates over eastern North America, migrates northeastward across northeastern North America–western North Atlantic, central North Atlantic, western Europe, and the UM, then propagates southeastward to northwestern and eastern China, which is the Atlantic-Eurasian continental mode. In contrast, the westward propagating mode is quasi-circumpolar, initiating over the East Siberian Sea and moving southwestward across the UM and northern Europe and eventually reaching Greenland and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. These two mid-high-latitude LF-ISOs are accompanied by significant tropical intraseasonal variations with evident tropical–extratropical interactions. Meanwhile, these two LF-ISOs have different decadal preferences before and after 2000, which are ascribed to the decadal change of both intraseasonal efficient kinetic energy obtained from the mean flow over their genesis region and their background flow associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation/Arctic Oscillation decadal change. This study deepens the understanding of subseasonal variations for mid-high latitudes and subseasonal prediction sources for low-latitude regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".