A study of cutaneous adverse drug reaction patterns with causality and severity assessment at a tertiary care centre
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Prescribed medications are intended to relieve sufferings during the course of illness. Occasionally due to the unpredictable pharmacological nature of the drug, the unique physiological condition of the patients and/or due to any other factors, drugs cause Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). Few of the ADRs are quite severe and if not adequately and promptly managed, may lead to serious complications and even death. Apart from this, the high frequency of obnoxious ADRs may also drive the patients to question the reliability of the given pharmacotherapy and that may further lead to medication nonadherance. Cutaneous ADRs are quite common and few of them are very severe which lead to significant comorbidities. Early identification of the condition as well as the culprit drug and omitting it at earliest holds the keystone in management and prevention of a more serious reaction. Thus, it is necessary to have a sound monitoring and reporting of cutaneous ADRs and also an adequate analysis and interpretation of their entire pattern of the occurrence. Aim: To study the patterns of cutaneous adverse drug reactions with causality and severity assessment in tertiary care hospital. Objective: To Identify, analyse and report cutaneous ADRs and drug classes responsible for the same. Materials and Methods: A Prospective study was carried out over a period of 5 months among the out-patients and in-patients in Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases. A total of 35 patients were enrolled as per selection criteria. Chi-square test was applied in order to investigate whether the distribution of categorical variables differ from one another. Result: Out of 35 patients enrolled in the study, 12 patients had maculopapular drug rash and the commonest causative drug was phenytoin. 9 patients in the study had fixed drug reaction, the commonest cause was nimesulide. 4 patients were of erythema multiforme, the commonest cause was NSAIDS. 3 patients each of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysi
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".