Determining the effect of dissolved CO2 on solution phase Li+ diffusion in common Li-ion battery electrolytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrolyte decomposition in Li-ion batteries (LIB) and its entailing gas evolution significantly impacts cell performance. CO2 is one of the most abundantly evolved gases from common LIB electrolytes and could potentially affect Li+ solution transport during LIB operation. To this end, a comparative analysis of the Li+ diffusion coefficient (DLi+) which governs mass transport is required. Herein a methodology is established to saturate common battery electrolytes with a soluble gas without introducing other contaminants, so as to determine DLi+ in saturated and unsaturated samples. As a proof of concept, the values of DLi+ are determined in 1 M LiPF6 and 1 M LiClO4 in ethylene carbonate (EC):dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with and without dissolved CO2, confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results obtained by pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) diffusion measurements agree for both electrolytes; saturating the electrolyte with CO2 has no measurable effect on DLi+ and therefore does not hinder Li+ mass transport.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".