Quantitative Analysis of Mobile Proteins in Normal Brain Tissue by Amide Proton Transfer Imaging: Age Dependence and Sex Differences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between age change and amide proton transfer (APT) signal in each region of the whole brain and to derive the standard value of APT signal in each brain region of normal adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the mDIXON 3-dimensional-APT sequence of the fast spin echo method, an APT image was obtained. In total, 60 patients (mean age, 49.8 ± 16.9 years) with no abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging data were included. For image analysis, registration parameters were created using the FMRIB Software Library 5.0.11, and then a region of interest was set in the Montreal Neurological Institute structural atlas for analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using the age-dependent and sex differences in APT signals from each brain region. RESULTS: No significant correlation was seen between APT signal and age and sex in all brain regions. CONCLUSION: Under the APT imaging parameter conditions used in this study, local brain APT signals in healthy adults are independent of age and sex.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".