A hybrid Common Redstart x Black Redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus x P. ochruros) breeding in southeastern Sweden
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Breeding Redstart hybrids occur regularly and have been described from central but not from northern Europe. Many of the hybrids exhibit plumages resembling those of eastern subspecies of Black Redstart, making it difficult to assess the identity of certain birds. We present information on a well-documented breeding by a hybrid male Common Redstart × Black Redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus × P. ochruros), successfully rearing offspring together with Common Redstart females at an industrial estate in southeastern Sweden (57°49'16"N; 15°16'52"E) in the summers of 2009–2012. During its first summer at the location, the bird was captured and ringed, representing the second Redstart hybrid ever to be ringed in Sweden. With vocals like Black Redstart, the bird had a plumage highly similar to that of individuals belonging to the subspecies phoenicuroides in central Asia. Examined in hand, the bird exhibited some plumage characters and morphological traits consistent with details previously presented for Redstart hybrids in Europe. We confirm previous assumptions that Redstart hybrids can be separated from similarly looking eastern subspecies of Black Redstarts by means of differences in wing formulae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".