Evolution of turbulent pipe flow recovery over a square bar roughness element at a range of Reynolds numbers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Reynolds number effects and scaling on response and recovery of flow over square bar roughness elements are numerically examined at a range of Reynolds numbers between 5 × 103 and 1.56 × 105. The square bar roughness element has a height of 0.05D, where D is the pipe diameter. The response is examined using streamline plots and reattachment lengths. An asymptotic trend is observed in reattachment lengths with increasing the Reynolds number. The recovery is examined quantitatively by tracing the transport of Reynolds shear stress downstream of the roughness element. While the overall trend for recovery is similar for all Reynolds numbers, the collapse of stresses toward the wall appears earlier at lower Reynolds numbers. The recovery trends follow a power-law of diffusion toward the centerline. The point of initial response, that is, the point of collapse, appears independent from the effects of Reynolds numbers at Re ≥ 5.0 × 104.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".