RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS OF THE 30th ECVIM-CA ONLINE CONGRESS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Copper (Cu) influence on chronic hepatitis (CH) have been thoroughly studied in dogs, while a few information on other metals accumulation is currently available. Both Cu and lead (Pb) may cause hepatic injury if their hepatic metabolization is defective or due to oxidative stress mechanisms linked to their presence within hepatocytes, especially for Pb. The aim of the study was to evaluate liver Pb and Cu concentration in dogs with CH. Retrospective evaluation of the Teaching Hospital clinical database was performed searching for dogs with CH and hepatic copper ([Cu]) concentrations, on which lead concentrations ([Pb]) were measured. CH was defined using current ACVIM consensus. [Cu] and [Pb] were evaluated using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV; limit of detection (LOD) 10ppm and 6 ppm, respectively). Dogs were divided into two groups based on hepatic [Cu]: Group A <400ppm and Group B 400ppm. [Pb] and [Cu] were correlated using a Spearman correlation test. [Pb] and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were compared between Group A and Group B using Welch’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test, respectively. Thirty-six dogs were screened for eligibility and the final population was composed by 29 dogs, since 7 dogs had [Pb] < LOD and they were censored (6 dogs of Group A and 1 dog of Group B, respectively). The median age was 9 years (range 1-15 years), equally divided between males and females, mainly Labrador Retrievers and Cocker Spaniels (n=3 each), followed by mixed-breed (n=9). Twenty-one dogs (58%) were assigned to Group A, while the remaining 15 dogs were in Group B. [Pb] and [Cu] were strongly positively correlated (p=0.0002; r=0.65). Group A had a mean [Cu] and [Pb] of 236.698 and 4422.3ppm respectively, whereas Group B had a [Cu] and [Pb] of 12891944 and 103.159.8ppm, respectively. Group B showed a significantly higher [Pb] than Group A (p=0.003). ALT was not significantly different between groups (159 vs. 94ppm groups A and B, respectively). \nAlthough further studies are needed to better understand the clinical role of hepatic [Pb], dogs with hepatic abnormal [Cu] may also have higher [Pb] than dogs with normal [Cu], which may be a concomitant storage defect or a direct consequence of Cu hepatic accumulation. However, since few data are available a concomitant oxidative damage caused by increased [Pb] cannot be excluded.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.405 | 0.300 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".