Host autophagy is a shared target of virulence factors of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> and <i>Plasmodium</i> parasite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Phytophthora infestans and Plasmodium are extremely harmful and economically important pathogens. Although they belong to distinct groups and infect very different hosts, P. infestans and Plasmodium display some common similarities. Such as they are closely related phylogenetically and have similarities in the strategies they use for the evasion or suppression of host defences, etc. In addition, both pathogens produce abundant effector proteins that confer enhanced pathogenicity and adaptability. The P. infestans RxLR (Arg‐X‐Leu‐Arg) effector protein shares a conserved host‐targeting motif with the Plasmodium PEXEL‐containing export protein. In this review, we focused on the common distribution features of P. infestans RxLR genes and Plasmodium virulence factor genes in genomes, comparative analysis of the both types of virulence proteins secretion and translocation processes, and description of their molecular functions. We highlight the convergent evolutionary characteristics of P. infestans RxLR effector protein and Plasmodium virulence factor in mediating the autophagy process of host cells. This review will present and discuss current research challenges and opportunities for future research to get better understanding and insights by investigating pathogen effector–host interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".