Exposure to household air pollutants and endothelial dysfunction in rural Bangladesh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: More than one third of world’s population use biomass fuel for cooking that has been linked to an array of adverse health hazards including cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. As part of Bangladesh Global Environmental and Occupational Health (GEO Health) project, we assessed whether household air pollution (HAP) was associated with dysfunction in microvascular circulation (measured by reactive hyperemia index [RHI]). Methods: We measured exposure to HAP (particulate matter [PM2.5], carbon monoxide [CO], and black carbon [BC]) for 48 hours of 200 healthy nonsmoker adult females who used biomass fuel for cooking. Exposure to PM2.5 and BC were measured using personal monitor, RTI MicroPEM (RTI International, NC) with an internal filter that had been both pre- and post-weighed to capture the deposited pollutants concentration. Lascar CO logger was used to measure CO. Endothelial function was measured by forearm blood flow dilatation response to brachial artery occlusion using RHI based on peripheral artery tonometry. A low RHI score (<1.67) indicates impaired endothelial function. Results: Average 48 hours personal exposure to PM2.5 and BC were 144.15 μg/m 3 (SD 61.26) and 6.35 μg/m 3 (SD 2.18), respectively. Interquartile range for CO was 0.73 ppm (0.62–1.35 ppm). Mean logarithm of RHI (LnRHI) was 0.57 in current data. No statistically significant association was observed for LnRHI with PM2.5 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92, 1.01; P = 0.16), BC (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.72, 1.01; P = 0.07), and CO (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.64, 1.25; P = 0.53) after adjusting for potential covariates. Conclusions: In conclusion, HAP was not associated with endothelial dysfunction among nonsmoking females in rural Bangladesh who used biomass fuel for cooking for years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".