Effects of load interactions on the onset of stage two of high pH stress corrosion cracking
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate load interactions that influence crack geometry evolution during the early stages of the High pH Stress Corrosion Cracking (HpHSCC). Variable amplitude loading waveforms were designed to simulate the underload-minor-cycle pressure fluctuations found during the operation of gas pipelines. The role of underload cycles and minor cycles in intergranular crack growth was investigated. It is found that underload cycles form the cyclic plastic zone at the crack tip, and that assists secondary crack initiation. The crack growth rate under the variable amplitude loading condition approximates the crack growth rates caused by low R-ratio cycles, i.e., acts as if all the cycles contained major stress changes. It is argued that small load fluctuations are non-propagating cycles unless they are followed by a major underload cycle. The possible load interactions between minor cycles and underload cycles are studied. It is discussed how an increase in the number of minor cycles between two underload events produces acceleration factors of up to 2.6. These findings imply that avoiding large internal pressure fluctuation delays the onset of stage 2 of HpHSCC and extends the line pipes operating lifetime.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".