Impact of Oxides and Physiochemical Properties of Agricultural Soil on Bioaccumulation of Toxic Heavy Elements in Wheat Grains in Yaychi, Northeast of Iraq
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
To investigate the potential link between toxic heavy elements in soil with soil physiochemical properties and oxides, as well as their impact on the bioaccumulation of these elements in wheat grains. Agriculture soil and wheat grains were sampled from Yaychi area, Kirkuk northeast of Iraq. Soil physiochemical properties, oxides and toxic heavy elements contents were determined. The average concentration of toxic heavy elements in soil was in this order Ni> Cr> Pb> As> Cd> Hg, and some of these elements had exceeded their average in earth's crust and Canadian Agricultural Soil Quality Guidelines. While in wheat grains the toxic heavy elements, contents were in the following order Cr> Ni> Pb> As> Cd> Hg. The soil physiochemical properties in the study area are shown to be medium alkaline, non-saline, calcareous, non-gypsiferous, inorganic and loam texture. It became clear from the correlation matrix that the toxic heavy elements except for arsenic have significant relationships with different soil physiochemical properties and major oxides. In turn, oxides and the physiochemical properties of the soil and its type reduced the bioaccumulation of these elements in wheat grains except for arsenic, as appeared in the present study, that toxic heavy elements do not accumulate in wheat grains. And among the studied elements, arsenic had the highest bioaccumulation rate in wheat grains, because its concentration in soil has been affected by only human activities.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it