Fortifying compounds reduce starch hydrolysis of potato chips during gastro‐small intestinal digestion in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Potato chips are the most widely consumed snack in the world; therefore, they can be used as an ideal carrier for nutrient delivery. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of impregnating vitamin E, vitamin C, and calcium through vacuum impregnation (VI) on the physico‐chemical, microstructural, and starch hydrolysis (%) in vitro and estimated glycemic index (eGI) of potato chips from a variety grown in Colombia. The fortification process decreased the peak viscosity from 1428 ± 20 cP (unfortified) to 734 ± 27 cP (fortified) and increased pasting temperatures. The swelling power also decreased from 11.36 ± 0.32 g/g (unfortified) to 8.59±0.07 g/g (fortified) after the fortification. Approximately 42% and 63% of the starch is hydrolyzed in the first 10 min of small intestinal digestion for the fortified and control samples, respectively. At the end of in vitro digestion (120 min), fortified potato has 74% starch hydrolyzed, whereas the same is calculated at 95% for control samples. The microstructural characteristics of digesta obtained during in vitro digestion showed that fortified samples have well preserved cell structures. In conclusion, the addition of impregnation compounds led to a lower starch hydrolysis of potato chips with a consequent decrease in eGI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".