Poly(lactic acid)/flax composites: effect of surface modification and thermal treatment on interfacial adhesion, crystallization, microstructure, and mechanical properties
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, unidirectional flax fabrics were used to reinforce poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Flax/PLA composites were produced by thermo-compression using as-received flax fibers and titanium dioxide (TiO2) coated flax fibers. The aim was to investigate the effect of annealing temperature and time, under quiescent or mechanical stress conditions, on the microstructure, interfacial adhesion, crystallization, and mechanical properties of composites. Results showed significant differences between oxidized-TiO2-coated flax fibers/PLA composites (oxi-TiO2-C) and as-received flax fibers/PLA composites (AR-C). Indeed, above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA, the storage modulus (E’) of both composites significantly increased due to PLA crystallization. However, once E’ reached a maximum value, composites with treated flax fibers leveled off while the E’ of composites with untreated flax fibers dropped drastically. This peculiar result was explained by a partial destruction or damage of AR-C interface during PLA crystal growth. This phenomenon was not observed with oxi-TiO2-C, suggesting a good interfacial adhesion. Despite the presence of a trans-crystalline layer for both samples, it was shown that TiO2 coating of flax fibers strengthened the adhesion between flax fibers and the trans-crystalline structure. Interlaminar shear strength measurements revealed a 15% increase in the interfacial strength.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it