An experimental investigation of ice-concrete adhesion and corresponding abrasion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concrete wear due to ice collision is a threat that marine structures in colder regions deal with. This phenomenon can cause damage to the structures, resulting in high maintenance costs. One damage mechanism may arise from ice sticking to the concrete under pressure and then damaging the concrete when the bond is broken by ice movement. The objective of this study is to experimentally measure adhesion strength between ice and concrete with various applied pressure and contact duration time under constant temperature for both dry and submerged conditions. A secondary objective is to measure the corresponding concrete abrasion arising from the ice bond breaking process. This thesis reviews previous laboratory work to identify the critical issues, including different areas with similar approaches. Significant parameters, contributing factors, and relevant design of test setups were reviewed from previous studies. Based on these factors, the rationale of the current study was developed, and the experiment was designed accordingly. A pilot experiment was designed to explore design factors for the main experiment. Considering these findings, a new apparatus was designed and the test setup was modified to conduct the experiment. The experiment was designed in a 7x7 square matrix format. The tests were conducted and a nonlinear relationship was obtained from the data set. Photographs were taken, and sample weights were measured before and after the tests to obtain the material loss for both ice and concrete samples. Statistical analysis was conducted with the collected data to obtain the impact of the independent variables on the test result. The observed trends were found to be statistically significant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".