An Atlas of Lumps and Bumps, Part 1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plantar Warts P lantar warts (verrucae plantaris) are common cutaneous lesions on the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by infection of keratinocytes by the human papillomavirus (HPV) types that are trophic to human skin.HPV types 1, 2, 4, 27, 57, 60, and 65 are the most common causes of plantar warts.[1][2][3] The annual incidence rate of plantar warts is estimated to be 14%.4,5 The condition occurs most commonly in children and adolescents.5 Females are affected more often than males. 2 Plantar warts shed HPV which can spread to other body sites (autoinoculation) or other people by close physical contact.5 Plantar warts can also be acquired by walking barefoot on contaminated surfaces such as public shower floors, swimming pools, gym mats and locker rooms.3 Moist environments and disruption of the epidermal barrier (eg, dry cracked heels) increase the chance of infection.Children with a family member or many classmates with warts have a higher risk of developing plantar warts themselves.The virus, however, does not spread to histologically dissimilar sites, such as the oral cavity and genitalia.Although the condition is seen primarily in healthy individuals, those with immunodeficiency are at increased risk for acquiring plantar warts and find it harder to clear their warts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.083 | 0.038 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".