60 GHz Broadband LTCC Antenna for 5G Mobile Communication Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper provides a numerical investigation in designing wideband circularly polarized 60 GHz antenna using Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic technology (LTCC). The LTCC provides high-density multilayer integration, low dielectric loss, and low costs. The use of LTCC technology is advantageous for easy and flexible 3D integration and freer vias distribution in the substrate. The designed antenna focuses on obtaining a better trade-off in terms of size, gain, circular polarization (CP), and large bandwidth. The circular polarization was chosen in order to minimize the transmission errors caused by polarization inconsistency between the transmitter and the receiver. The antenna geometry is developed taking into consideration the design rules of the LTCC with a layer thickness of 100 µm after firing and a metal layer thickness of 9 µm. A bandwidth of more than 33% centered at 60 GHz was obtained for this designed multilayer antenna. The results are obtained by using the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The proposed integrated antenna can be used in future 5G wireless communication systems and other 60 GHz spectrum applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".