Comparison of thoracic auscultation, clinical score, and ultrasonography as indicators of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Various strategies have been adopted to mitigate the impact of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in dairy replacement calves. The diagnosis of BRD is challenging because there is no gold standard for its diagnosis on-farm. Several subjective scoring methods, such as the Calf Respiratory Health Score (CRHS) from the University of Wisconsin, which is based on rectal temperature, and subjective assessment of cough, ocular-nasal discharge and ear drooping, are available to help dairy producers identify calves with BRD. Additionally, practitioners can use thoracic auscultation, a fundamental part of the physical examination, to aid in the diagnosis of BRD. Recently, thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) has been used to detect calves with lung consolidation secondary to bronchopneumonia. The objectives of this study were to compare the different tools available for the diagnosis of BRD in preweaned dairy calves, and to assess the association of lung consolidation on the risk of dying within 30 days after the initial examination.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".