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Record W3137038733 · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abe4de

First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon

2021· article· en· W3137038733 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Astrophysical Journal Letters · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsCanadian Institute for Theoretical AstrophysicsUniversity of TorontoPerimeter InstituteUniversity of WaterlooCanadian Institute for Advanced ResearchMcGill University
FundersLos Alamos National LaboratoryFermilabOffice of International Science and EngineeringNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceNational Nuclear Security AdministrationOffice of ScienceToray Science FoundationEast Asian Core Observatories AssociationInstitut Périmètre de physique théoriqueAgencia Nacional de Investigación y DesarrolloIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareMax-Planck-GesellschaftCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Research Foundation of KoreaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesNuclear Safety and Security CommissionGeneralitat ValencianaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaChina Scholarship CouncilEuropean Southern ObservatoryMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyJohn Templeton FoundationMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadNational Science FoundationChina Postdoctoral Science FoundationNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekInstituto de Astrofísica de AndalucíaChinese Academy of SciencesAcademia SinicaJunta de AndalucíaUniversiteit van AmsterdamVetenskapsrådetInternational Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular MicrobiologySmithsonian InstitutionU.S. Department of EnergyEuropean CommissionLeverhulme TrustNational Radio Astronomy ObservatoryHarvard UniversityRadboud UniversiteitNational Research FoundationUniversity of ArizonaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoKorea Astronomy and Space Science InstituteUniversiteit LeidenAssociated UniversitiesSpace Telescope Science InstituteCompute CanadaNational Astronomical Observatory of JapanDirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasUniversity of ChicagoNational Institutes of Natural SciencesGovernment of CanadaNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGordon and Betty Moore FoundationFlatiron Health
KeywordsEvent horizonEvent (particle physics)HorizonPhysicsTelescopeAstronomyGeologyAstrophysics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations at 230 GHz have now imaged polarized emission around the supermassive black hole in M87 on event-horizon scales. This polarized synchrotron radiation probes the structure of magnetic fields and the plasma properties near the black hole. Here we compare the resolved polarization structure observed by the EHT, along with simultaneous unresolved observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, to expectations from theoretical models. The low fractional linear polarization in the resolved image suggests that the polarization is scrambled on scales smaller than the EHT beam, which we attribute to Faraday rotation internal to the emission region. We estimate the average density n e ∼ 10 4–7 cm −3 , magnetic field strength B ∼ 1–30 G, and electron temperature T e ∼ (1–12) × 10 10 K of the radiating plasma in a simple one-zone emission model. We show that the net azimuthal linear polarization pattern may result from organized, poloidal magnetic fields in the emission region. In a quantitative comparison with a large library of simulated polarimetric images from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, we identify a subset of physical models that can explain critical features of the polarimetric EHT observations while producing a relativistic jet of sufficient power. The consistent GRMHD models are all of magnetically arrested accretion disks, where near-horizon magnetic fields are dynamically important. We use the models to infer a mass accretion rate onto the black hole in M87 of (3–20) × 10 −4 M ⊙ yr −1 .

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Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.464
Threshold uncertainty score0.986

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.204
Teacher spread0.199 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it