Usefulness of TI-scout images in the assessment of late gadolinium enhancement in children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) requires identification of the normal myocardial nulling time using inversion time (TI)-scout imaging sequence. Although TI-scout images are not primarily used for myocardial assessment, they provide information regarding different signal recovery patterns of normal and abnormal myocardium facilitating identification of LGE in instances where standard LGE images alone are not diagnostic. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of TI-scout as compared to that of standard LGE images. METHODS: CMR studies with LGE imaging in 519 patients (345 males, 1-17 years) were reviewed to assess the diagnostic performance of LGE imaging in terms of the location of LGE and the pathologic entities. The diagnostic performance of the TI-scout and standard LGE imaging was classified into four categories: (1) equally diagnostic, (2) TI-scout superior to standard LGE, (3) standard LGE superior to TI-scout, and (4) complementary, by the consensus of the two observers. RESULTS: The study cohort consisted of 440 patients with negative LGE and 79 with evidence for LGE. For a negative diagnosis of LGE, TI-scout and standard LGE images were equally diagnostic in 75% of the cases and were complementary in 12%. For patients with LGE, TI-scout images were superior to standard LGE images in 52% of the cases and were complementary in 19%. The diagnostic performance of TI-scout images was superior to that of standard LGE images in all locations. TI-scout images were superior to standard LGE images in 11 of 12 (92%) cases with LGE involving the papillary muscles, in 7 /12 (58%) cases with subendocardial LGE, and in 4/7 (57%) cases with transmural LGE. TI-scout images were particularly useful assessing the presence and extent of LGE in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). TI-scout was superior to standard LGE in 6/10 (60%) and was complementary in 3/10 (30%) of the positive cases with HCM. CONCLUSIONS: TI-scout images enhance the diagnostic performance of LGE imaging in children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".