Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> shifts soil microbial communities from <i>K</i>‐ to <i>r</i>‐strategists
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aims Soil microbes are key to myriad processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Elevated CO 2 represents a dominant driver of global climate change; however, it remains unclear to what extent elevated CO 2 impacts soil microbial communities at ecosystem and global scales. Here, we sought to address the following questions: (a) Do the compositions of microbial communities shift from K ‐ to r ‐strategists under elevated CO 2 ? (b) What is the extent of the compositional shifts of microbial communities affected by elevated CO 2 concentrations, experimental duration, ecosystem types and/or background climates? (c) Are the responses of microbial communities to elevated CO 2 associated with changes in soil pH and carbon and nitrogen availabilities? Location Global. Time period 1998–2020. Major taxa studied Soil microbes. Methods We performed a global meta‐analysis of 965 observations from 122 studies, which tested the effects of elevated CO 2 on microbial communities. The data covered broad variations in ecosystems, climate, CO 2 concentrations, experimental duration, and soil factors. Results We revealed that elevated CO 2 decreased the K ‐ to r ‐strategist ratios with decreasing fungi : bacteria, Gram+ : Gram– bacteria, and Acidobacteria : Proteobacteria ratios, and increased bacterial biomass, microbial biomass carbon, Gram– bacteria, and Acidobacteria abundance. Moreover, the shifts from K ‐ to r ‐strategists were more pronounced under higher CO 2 concentrations and longer experimental durations. The responses of microbial attributes to elevated CO 2 did not differ significantly among croplands, forests and grasslands. Furthermore, the response of microbial biomass to elevated CO 2 was negatively correlated with the response of soil pH, while those of bacterial biomass and fungi : bacteria ratios were positively correlated with those of soil organic carbon and soil carbon : nitrogen ratios, respectively. Main conclusions Our results suggest that elevated CO 2 shifts soil microbial communities from K ‐ to r ‐strategists, and provide supportive evidence for understanding responses of soil microbial processes to elevated CO 2 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".