Systematic thoracic ultrasonography in acute bovine respiratory disease of feedlot steers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) in feedlot calves with clinical signs attributable to bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Twenty-nine BRD cases and 15 asymptomatic controls were evaluated using systematic TUS on the day of initial pull (day 0), and days 3, 6, 9, and 15. Four-second ultrasound loops were saved at 46 locations per animal and later evaluated off-line for evidence of lung pathology. Five TUS indicators of lung lesions and 4 indices of consolidation were evaluated for ability to differentiate between healthy controls and BRD cases, as well as predict death (negative outcome) among non-treated BRD cases. The number of sites with consolidation (SITES), number of sites with pleural irregularities (PIRR), maximal depth of consolidation (DEPTH), maximal area of consolidation (AREA), and total consolidated area (TCA) were found to be significantly higher in BRD cases than controls at enrollment (P less than 0.05). These same parameters (SITES, PIRR, DEPTH, AREA, TCA) were found to be significantly higher at enrollment for BRD cases that died before the end of the 15-day observation period (P less than 0.05). Among BRD cases, 9 of 46 sites examined had an odds ratio of negative outcome significantly greater than 1 when consolidation was present at enrollment (P less than 0.05). This study demonstrates that TUS may prove useful in feedlot cattle for determining the extent of lung lesions and predict outcome in BRD cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".