Modeling of heat and mass transfer in direct contact membrane distillation: effect of counter diffusion velocity
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Membrane distillation is a non-isothermal separation process that uses a porous hydrophobic membrane. Water in the hot feed stream diffuses through the membrane in the form of vapor and condenses on the cold permeate side. Inside the porous membrane, the diffusion of water vapor is accompanied by the counter diffusion of air, which is often ignored in most studies. In this study, the role of counter diffusion velocity in a flat-sheet membrane contactor is analyzed using a two-dimensional model of direct-contact membrane distillation with a counter-flow configuration. Considering such a counter diffusion velocity, the simulation results of the total flux showed improved prediction accuracy in relation to experimental data in comparison with that in previous studies. The effects of different parameters, including feed inlet temperature and linear velocity, on gain output ratio (GOR), and transmembrane flux were investigated in detail. Our results indicate that an increase in the feed inlet temperature increases the total flux significantly. It is revealed that a higher linear velocity reduces the heat transfer resistance, which lowers the difference between the bulk and membrane interface temperatures. It was found that increases in both the feed inlet temperature and linear velocity enhanced the GOR. Using a sensitivity analysis, it was observed that membrane thickness had the strongest influence on the GOR and temperature polarization coefficient.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it