High costs and limited dietitian services for home enteral nutrition users: A Canadian study
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Home enteral nutrition (HEN) is the provision of nutrition through a tube outside the hospital. The Canadian prevalence of HEN is not previously well understood. This study aimed to (1) describe the demographics and healthcare usage of HEN in adults in a Canadian health authority, (2) compare the proportion of HEN-related hospital visits between patients who did and did not receive a community registered dietitian (RD) follow-up, and (3) determine associations between demographic and healthcare usage of HEN adults . METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on the records of HEN patients with a tube placed between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2015. Descriptive and comparative statistics were applied. RESULTS: A total of 390 adults were discharged receiving HEN. The majority (74.9%, n = 271) of the sample did not have any record of visiting a community RD up to 6 years after tube placement. Fifty-three percent of the sample visited the hospital for HEN-related complications, costing CAD $14,324,465.00 (USD $10,677,946.00) to the healthcare system. Multiple regression analysis revealed that females ( P < .05), jejunostomy tubes ( P < .05), and older age ( P < .05) were associated with more hospital or emergency room visits. CONCLUSION: This study found a higher prevalence of HEN patients and more varied demographic and clinical characteristics than previously reported. The healthcare costs per patient per year exceed previous reports. Further research is needed to explore the population's experiences and develop interventions that improve gaps in the healthcare system.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it