Quantitative trait loci analysis for standard length and body weight in multi-families of mirror carp( Cyprinus carpio)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Common carp( Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most widespread freshwater teleost species in the world. It has been cultured as an important food fish worldwide,especially in China,for several thousand years. In the past decade,much research efforts have been made for the molecular breeding of common carp including development of polymorphic markers,linkage mapping,and quantitative trait loci( QTL) analysis.However,QTL researches of common carp have been limited by single family and small population size.Considering the ability to detect and identify QTL in single family is often limited and has obtained false positive locus. We conducted a whole genome scan on 522 progeny from 8 full-sib families using 250 microsatellites selected from high density genetic linkage map of common carp constructed by our lab. The genetic maps were constructed by use of the Cri-map program with genotypes of 8 families,and genetic distances were estimated by use of the Kosambi map function. A total of 233 markers were organized to 47 linkage groups and the linkage maps covered a genetic distance of 3 131. 5 cM,with the average interval for markers within linkage group of 16. 8 cM. The linkage map could be used for primary QTL analysis. QTL identification of standard length( SL) and body weight( BW) traits was carried out using half-sib mapping strategies by GridQTL software. We obtained 4 QTL distributed across 3 linkage groups( LG) during sirebased QTL analysis. For SL,3 QTL were identified,of which 1 QTL occurred at the 95% genome-wide level,and was located on LG24,accounting for 20. 3% of phenotype variation. The remaining 2 QTL were at the 95% chromosome-wide level,explaining 11. 9%( LG6) and 11. 6%( LG30),respectively. For BW,1QTL was identified at 99% genome-wide level,explaining 38. 3% of phenotypic variance and overlapped with the SL QTL intervals on LG24. During dam-based QTL analysis,we identified 8 QTL that were distributed across 5 LGs. Five QTL were associated with SL,of which one was at 99% chromosome-wide level and located at LG8. The other 4 QTL were at the 95% chromosome-wide level,accounting for 9. 6%-20. 3% of phenotypic variance. QTLs on LG24 and LG30 were significant both the sire and the dam-based analysis. For BW,three QTL were detected and have a similar confidence interval with SL at LG24,LG30 and LG45. Among these,2 QTL were identified at the 99% chromosome-wide level,and 1 QTL at the 95%chromosome-wide level,explaining 10. 8%-14. 1% of phenotypic variance. The results showed that the most significant QTLs for SL and BW were located on LG24 and common to both sire and dam. The results of this study not only can supply more reliable markers for molecular breeding of common carp,but also provide reference data for exploring regularity of QTL variation among different populations and families.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".