Handgrip Strength and Vertical Jump and their Relationship with Body Fat in Hong Kong Chinese Children and Adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim: To examine the associations of handgrip strength and vertical jump with gender, pubertal status and body composition, and establish normal reference values of handgrip strength and vertical jump of Hong Kong Chinese children and adolescents.Methods: This study included 1154 children and adolescents aged between 8 and 17 years, who participated in a territory-wide cohort study.Data of anthropometry, pubertal status handgrip strength and vertical jump were collected.Percentile curves of handgrip strength and vertical jump were constructed using the LMS method.General linear model was used to evaluate the effects of age, sex, pubertal stage, body size, body fat and the possible 2-way interactions on handgrip strength and vertical jump.Results: According to the international BMI cutoffs, the prevalence rate of overweight or obesity (20.7%) in our cohort of children was similar to that obtained from previous local report.General linear model revealed that handgrip strength and vertical jump increased with increasing age, and boys were significantly stronger than girls after aged 12 year or older.Among overweight/ obese children, those with high body fat had significantly lower handgrip strength than those with low body fat.A full model including age, sex, BMI z score, body fat z score and age*sex interaction explained 67.8% and 60.1% of the variance of handgrip strength and vertical jump respectively.Handgrip strength and vertical jump was positively associated with age, male sex and BMI z score, but was negatively associated with body fat z score.Conclusions: Classifying children's weight status by BMI cutoffs, additional information on children's body composition should also be considered.Reference values for handgrip strength and vertical jump are established for Hong Kong Chinese children and adolescents aged 8 to 17 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".