Epidemiological Study of Ulcerative Colitis: A Single-Center Experience in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This retrospective chart review was conducted at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital and covered the data for the period 2010–2019. The clinical data included the presenting symptoms, extraintestinal symptoms, time elapsed from the onset of the symptoms to the confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, and endoscopic severity. A total of 413 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis were included. Approximately 94.3% (n = 299) of the patients were presented with diarrhea, with 86.9% of the cases had bloody stools, and 64.5% reported lower abdominal pain. About 4.8% of the patients (n = 18) lost >10% of their body weight within six months. Extraintestinal manifestations were documented in 127 (30.8%) patients, including the most common manifestations, such as aphthous ulcers (n = 41, 9.9%), large joint arthralgia/arthritis (n = 34, 8.2%), and erythema nodosum (n = 25, 6.0%). Based on the Montreal classification, 76 (18.5%) patients had ulcerative proctitis, 211 (51.0%) had left-sided ulcerative colitis, and 126 (30.5%) had extensive or pancolitis. The clinical presentation of ulcerative colitis is variable, resulting in the delay of their diagnoses. Research and clinical efforts should be directed to facilitate the conduct of early diagnosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".