Numerical simulation of the progressive development of soil arching in column-supported embankments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The soil arching mechanism is partly responsible for the transfer of stresses away from the soft subsoil and towards the relatively stiff column heads in column-supported embankments. Experimental studies have shown that the load transfer resulting from soil arching evolves progressively with increasing subsoil settlement. Past numerical studies exploring soil arching in column-supported embankments have typically not been able to capture this progressive development of load transfer. A series of improvements on past numerical studies are outlined that allow for improved simulation of the soil arching mechanism in column-supported embankments. These improvements include implementation of a strain-softening constitutive model, non-local integral type regularization and the application of the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element method. The benefits of these improvements are observed through comparison of simulation results to recent experimental studies of column-supported embankments. The comparison indicates that these techniques allow key aspects of soil arching kinematics and mechanics to be captured.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".