Effectiveness of Short Form-36 Health Status Questionnaire Versus WOMAC Arthritis Index Questionnaire on Chronic Knee Osteoarthritis Patients
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a common disease of aged population and one of the leading causes of disability. Key causes include obesity or overweight along with aging. Knee osteoarthritis can cause significant pain and functional loss. As the disease progresses, it can cause chronic knee joint pain, muscle weakness, joint deformity and functional deficiency which leads to decreased quality of life. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) is a 24-item questionnaire with 3 sub-scales measuring pain (5 items), stiffness (2 items) and physical function (17 items). Health related quality of life is measured using Short Form-36, used to examine health status in following eight domains: Bodily pain, physical function, role limitations due to social problems, physical problems, general health, vitality, social function, mental health, role limitation due to physical problems. Aim: To find the effect of Short Form-36 Health Status Questionnaire versus WOMAC Arthritis Index Questionnaire to measure the pain, Range of Motion (ROM) and disability in subjects with chronic knee osteoarthritis patients treated with Contrast Bath and Knee Exercises. Materials and Methods: This study was a pre and post longitudinal cohort study. A total of 90 patients were divided into two groups of 45 each. Each patient was given treatment for four weeks. Each patient was treated with Contrast bath and Knee Exercises. Group A patients were instructed to fill the Short Form-36 Health Status Questionnaire and Group B patients were instructed to fill the WOMAC Arthritis Index Questionnaire and outcome measures were collected on day 1, at the end of 2nd week and at the end of 4th week. Data from study were analysed using the statistical package SPSS 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Group B shows a mean of the total score of WOMAC Arthritis Index Questionnaire which was 74.66 (SD 10.01) on Day 1; mean of 49.02 (SD 12.08) at the end of the 2nd week and a mean of 20.68 (SD 12.23) at the end of 4th week. The p-value was found to be 0.0001. The percentage disability evaluated by the WOMAC Arthritis Index Questionnaire shows a mean of 78 (SD 10) on Day 1; mean of 51 (SD 12) at the end of 2nd week and a mean of 22 (SD 13) at the end of 4th week. On day 1 Short Form-36 Questionnaire, total score of group A was 88.24 (SD 6.72) and at the end of 2nd week and 4th week the mean score was 94.06 (SD 5.10) and 98.72 (SD 4.55), respectively with statistically significant difference p-value (0.0001). Conclusion: The present study showed that the WOMAC Arthritis Index Questionnaire had superior sensitivity in reducing pain and increasing range of motion and thus by decreasing the disability.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it