Repeated measurements of ERGs and VEPs using chloral hydrate sedation and propofol anesthesia in young children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Sedation with chloral hydrate or anesthesia using propofol allow ocular examination and testing in young children, but these drugs may affect electrophysiologic recordings. We compared the flash and pattern ERGs and VEPs recorded with each drug in a cohort of young children enrolled in a prospective study of optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) syndrome. METHODS: ERGs and VEPs to light-adapted, standard, full-field flashes, to standard and steady-state pattern-reversal (PR) were recorded with cycloplegia in 9 participants. Age range at the first session, with chloral hydrate was 8-23 mo; at the second session with propofol it was 20-29 mo. Examiners masked to the drug and clinical conditions measured the waveforms for longitudinal, paired comparisons between the sessions. RESULTS: Flash ERG amplitudes did not differ between sessions; peak times were longer at the second session (propofol) by clinically insignificant amounts (< 2 ms, p = 0.002). Standard PERGs had larger amplitudes and later peaks in the second session (propofol) than with chloral hydrate (P50 2.9 vs 4.7 μV, p = 0.016 and 43 vs 52 ms, p < 0.001; N95 4.0 vs 6.1 μV, p = 0.003 and 91 vs 98.5 ms p = 0.034.). These differences were present for those with an interval of > 10 mo between sessions (n = 5, 10 eyes) but not for those with a shorter inter-test interval (< 8 mo, p > 0.05, n = 4). Magnitudes of the steady-state PERGs did not differ between tests but the waveforms had earlier peaks at the second test with propofol. Flash VEP waveforms were present in 10/18 eyes and showed 72% agreement for recordability between sessions. Standard pattern VEPs were recordable in only a few eyes in this cohort with ONH. CONCLUSIONS: Light-adapted flash ERG waveforms were generally similar with chloral hydrate and with propofol. Larger PERGs with later peaks, found in the second session (propofol) could reflect maturation of the PERG generators, as the differences found were associated with a greater age difference between the sessions, but we do not rule out that small differences in the waveforms may be drug-related. There are insufficient VEP data from these children with ONH to identify drug-related or maturational effects on VEPs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".