Alteration in Lipid Profile in Treatment-Naive HIV-Infected Patients and Changes Following HAART Initiation in Haryana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Abnormalities of lipid metabolism are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and tend to be accentuated in those receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, d ata on lipid profile of treatment-naive HIV-infected patients in India are limited. So, the study was conducted to describe the pattern of lipid profile among treatment -naive HIV-positive patients and changes following HAART initiation in Haryana. Methods: Data were collected from 100 nor motensive, non-diabetic and non-obese, treatment-naive HIV-infected patients (65 men and 35 women, mean age 36.4 years) and 100 healthy controls. The study was carried out at ART center in PGIMS, Rohtak for a period of 1 year. Fasting lipid profiles were analyzed enzymatically. Values of lipid parameter were retrieved after 3 and 6 months on HAART. Results: The study observed a significant increased level of triglyceride (TG) (178.46 ± 58.41 mg%) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (108.62 ± 38.67 mg%) and a significant decreased level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (26.86 ± 12.69 mg%) as compared to HIV-negative healthy controls. Total cholesterol (TC) was also low ( 171.17 ± 52.24 mg%) as compared to controls though this is not significant statistically. Following HAART initiation, there were large increases in mean TC, TG and LDL-C values at 3 months and further increase at 6 months of therapy (12.01, 17.26 and 16.71 mg% respectively) with statistically highly significant P value ( < 0.001). HDL levels remained low throughout follow-up. A total of 61% patients showed dyslipidemia following HAART. Conclusions: HIV-1 replication alone without any influence of antiviral drugs or other human genetic factors induces changes in serum lipid profile parameters which could be used to determine HIV-infected persons with high risk of myocardial infarction before enrollment for HAART. Therefore, fasting plasma lipid profile should be done of all HIV-infected persons before starting HAART with periodic repetitions after enrolling on HAART, since significant increases in plasma TG, TC and LDL-C concentrations have been reported in HIV patients on HAART. Lipid profile results can therefore be a good index for disease progression, intervention and management of HIV patients. J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;4(1-2):25-31 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jem207w
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".