The Concept of Smart Tourism under the Context of Tourism Information Service
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Smart tourism has become increasingly popular in mainland China since Qiwei Shao,the director of the China National Tourism Administration,called for developing the tourism industry over the next 10 years by means of tourism in July 2011.Since then,different types of events and activities have been held by the name ofsmart tourism,leading to some misunderstanding of the term.What,then,is tourism? How can it be defined? Although some researchers have expressed their understanding of the term in papers or presentations,there is still a long way to go before an accepted meaning can be reached.Some years ago outside China,some researchers and practitioners defined tourism according to their own understanding.In the United Kingdom,it was defined in 2009 asthe use and application of technology in the tourism sector by smart tourism organizations.The Tourism Industry Association of Canada in 2000 provided the following definition:smart tourism is simply taking a holistic,long- term,sustainable approach to planning,developing,operating and marketing tourism products and businesses.In the West world,it seems that tourism is not an independent concept but an adjective used in such ways as tourism information system,smart travel system,smart travel service advisor,and travel planning.Smart tourism is still a new concept,both theoretically and practically,in mainland China.According to the Baidu online encyclopedia,smart tourism isthe use of cloud computing,networking,and other new technologies with a portable terminal via the Internet or mobile Internet,in achieving information on tourism resources,tourism economy,tourist activities,etc.In this regard,tourists can acquire information in a timely manner to arrange and adjust their travel plans.This is not a theoretical definition but a descriptive notion.In the present study,based on an analysis of the definitions used by most scholars and organizations,smart tourism is defined as a ubiquitous tourist information service used by individual tourists during their trips.The definition provided by this study intends to emphasize tourism as an individual tourist support system with a carrier,information services,and ubiquitous technology;this is identified as the core area in the concept of tourism.This paper observes that great changes have taken place in tourists' behavior,tourism marketing,tourism management,and also the tourism service mode.The new information service offered by tourism and that of a traditional tourist information service are quite different with respect to three areas—destinations,enterprises,and tourists.This study compares and contrasts the particular characteristics of both traditional tourist information services and the information services of tourism.This paper presents recommendations for tourism and examines the future for tourism in China in terms of research and practical fields.For the Chinese tourism market,the use of new technology has become increasingly important in improving tourist satisfaction,reducing the costs of tourism,and increasing the efficiency of tourist transactions.Smart tourism represents a new direction for new technology directed at tourism,and it will have a significant influence on tourist destinations,enterprises,and also tourists themselves.Smart tourism represents a prospective direction for the future Chinese tourism industry.This paper indicates that unique value can be achieved by merging tourism and tourism informationization,which can be seen as an area of future development for tourism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".